國(guo)務院關于金(jin)融工作(zuo)情況的報(bao)告(gao)——2024年11月5日在第十四屆(jie)全(quan)國(guo)人(ren)民代表大(da)會常(chang)務委員(yuan)會第十二次會議上

中國人民銀行(xing)行(xing)長 潘功(gong)勝(sheng)

全國人(ren)民代表大(da)會(hui)常務(wu)委(wei)員會(hui)：

我受國務院委托(tuo)，向(xiang)全國人大常委會報告(gao)2023年10月以來金融(rong)工作情況，請審(shen)議(yi)。

金融(rong)是國(guo)民經濟的(de)血(xue)脈，是國(guo)家核(he)心競(jing)爭(zheng)力的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成部分，關系中國(guo)式現代(dai)化建設(she)全局。習近(jin)平(ping)總書記高度重(zhong)視關心金融(rong)工作(zuo)，對金融(rong)事業發展的(de)重(zhong)大(da)理論和實踐問題作(zuo)出一系列重(zhong)要(yao)論述，為堅定(ding)不移(yi)走中國(guo)特色金融(rong)發展之路、推(tui)進(jin)金融(rong)高質量發展、加快建設(she)金融(rong)強國(guo)提供了根本遵循(xun)和行(xing)動(dong)指南(nan)。新一屆政府堅決貫(guan)徹(che)落實以習近(jin)平(ping)同志為核(he)心的(de)黨中央決策部署(shu)，李強總理對金融(rong)工作(zuo)作(zuo)出部署(shu)安排，要(yao)求大(da)力推(tui)動(dong)金融(rong)改革(ge)發展穩定(ding)各(ge)項任務落實到位(wei)。丁薛祥、何(he)立峰(feng)等領(ling)導同志提出明確要(yao)求。

全國人(ren)大常委會高度(du)重(zhong)(zhong)視、大力支(zhi)持(chi)金(jin)融(rong)工(gong)(gong)作，通過立(li)法修法、重(zhong)(zhong)點督辦建(jian)議(yi)、聽(ting)取(qu)審議(yi)報(bao)告、開(kai)展專題調研(yan)等(deng)方式，廣泛(fan)聽(ting)取(qu)意見建(jian)議(yi)，2022年以來第三(san)次聽(ting)取(qu)和審議(yi)國務院(yuan)關于金(jin)融(rong)工(gong)(gong)作情況的報(bao)告，有力推(tui)動我國金(jin)融(rong)改革發展。

金(jin)融(rong)系統以習近平新時代中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義思想(xiang)為指(zhi)導，認真學習貫徹習近平總書記關于(yu)金(jin)融(rong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的系列重要論述和重要指(zhi)示批(pi)(pi)示精神(shen)(shen)，全面落實黨的二十大(da)和二十屆(jie)二中(zhong)、三(san)中(zhong)全會(hui)(hui)(hui)以及中(zhong)央金(jin)融(rong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)精神(shen)(shen)，認真執行十四屆(jie)全國(guo)(guo)人(ren)大(da)二次會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)審(shen)議(yi)批(pi)(pi)準的《政(zheng)府工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)報告(gao)》和2024年國(guo)(guo)民經濟和社會(hui)(hui)(hui)發展(zhan)(zhan)計劃(hua)，堅持穩中(zhong)求進工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)總基調，堅定(ding)不移走中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色金(jin)融(rong)發展(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)路，推動金(jin)融(rong)高(gao)質量發展(zhan)(zhan)，為服(fu)務中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式現(xian)代化建設提供有力支撐。

一、金融工作主要進展及成效(xiao)

2023年10月以(yi)來，金(jin)融系統不斷加大(da)金(jin)融服(fu)務實體(ti)經濟力度，全面加強(qiang)金(jin)融監(jian)管，持續深化(hua)金(jin)融改革開放，積(ji)極穩(wen)妥防范化(hua)解金(jin)融風險，金(jin)融行(xing)業整體(ti)穩(wen)健(jian)，金(jin)融市場平穩(wen)運行(xing)，各項工作取得新成效。

（一）貨幣(bi)(bi)政策(ce)(ce)執行情況。加(jia)大(da)力(li)度(du)支(zhi)持經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)穩定增長，數次(ci)實(shi)施貨幣(bi)(bi)政策(ce)(ce)調整，促進社(she)會綜合(he)融(rong)資(zi)成本(ben)穩中有(you)降，保(bao)(bao)持社(she)會融(rong)資(zi)規模(mo)、貨幣(bi)(bi)供應(ying)量(liang)同經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增長和價格水平預期目標(biao)相匹(pi)配(pei)。總量(liang)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，綜合(he)運(yun)用(yong)多(duo)種貨幣(bi)(bi)政策(ce)(ce)工具，包括下調存款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)準備金(jin)率、降低政策(ce)(ce)利(li)率、引導貸(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)市(shi)場和債(zhai)券市(shi)場融(rong)資(zi)利(li)率下行、開(kai)展公開(kai)市(shi)場國債(zhai)買賣(mai)操作等，保(bao)(bao)持流動性合(he)理(li)充(chong)裕。結構方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，設立(li)5000億元(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)和技(ji)術改(gai)造再貸(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan),設立(li)3000億元(yuan)保(bao)(bao)障性住房再貸(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)。增加(jia)支(zhi)農支(zhi)小(xiao)再貸(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)額度(du)1000億元(yuan)。傳導方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，支(zhi)持優(you)化金(jin)融(rong)業增加(jia)值季度(du)核算(suan)方(fang)法，治(zhi)理(li)資(zi)金(jin)空(kong)轉，規范市(shi)場競爭秩序，提高(gao)資(zi)金(jin)使用(yong)效(xiao)率。匯(hui)(hui)率方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，強化預期引導，保(bao)(bao)持人民(min)幣(bi)(bi)匯(hui)(hui)率在(zai)合(he)理(li)均(jun)衡水平上(shang)的(de)基本(ben)穩定。提升(sheng)外匯(hui)(hui)儲備經(jing)營管理(li)能力(li)，9月末，外匯(hui)(hui)儲備規模(mo)超(chao)3.3萬(wan)億美元(yuan)。9月末，社(she)會融(rong)資(zi)規模(mo)存量(liang)、人民(min)幣(bi)(bi)貸(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)余額、廣(guang)義貨幣(bi)(bi)供應(ying)量(liang)（M2）余額同比分(fen)別增長8.0%、8.1%、6.8%，均(jun)高(gao)于名義GDP增速。9月份(fen)，企業新(xin)發放貸(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)加(jia)權平均(jun)利(li)率處于歷史低位。

特別(bie)是今年9月下旬以來，金融(rong)系統按照黨中央部署，較大力(li)度降(jiang)(jiang)準，實施有力(li)度的降(jiang)(jiang)息，優化調(diao)整房地產金融(rong)政策(ce)，其中降(jiang)(jiang)低存(cun)量房貸利率惠及(ji)5000萬戶家庭，每年減少家庭利息支出(chu)約1500億元。創設證券、基金、保(bao)險公司互換便利和股(gu)(gu)票(piao)回(hui)購增持專項再(zai)貸款兩項工(gong)具，鼓(gu)勵長(chang)期資金入市(shi)，支持股(gu)(gu)票(piao)市(shi)場(chang)穩定發展。市(shi)場(chang)反應(ying)積極(ji)正(zheng)面，社(she)會預期明顯好轉。

（二）金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)運行(xing)(xing)和(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作情況。銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)、保險業(ye)(ye)、證券(quan)(quan)業(ye)(ye)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)運行(xing)(xing)總體穩(wen)(wen)健。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)經營和(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)指標(biao)(biao)處(chu)(chu)于合(he)理(li)(li)區間。2024年6月末，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)構(gou)總資產480萬億元。商(shang)業(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)資本充(chong)足(zu)(zu)率15.53%、不良貸款率1.56%，保險公(gong)司綜合(he)償付能(neng)力(li)充(chong)足(zu)(zu)率195.5%，證券(quan)(quan)公(gong)司平(ping)均風險覆蓋(gai)率266.6%、平(ping)均資本杠桿(gan)率19.5%，均顯(xian)著高于監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)標(biao)(biao)準，損(sun)失抵御能(neng)力(li)總體較為(wei)充(chong)足(zu)(zu)。二是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)場(chang)保持韌性和(he)活力(li)。引導(dao)上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司積(ji)極回購(gou)增持，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資融(rong)(rong)(rong)券(quan)(quan)逆周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)調節，查(cha)(cha)處(chu)(chu)操縱市(shi)場(chang)、欺詐(zha)發行(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)。大力(li)推動(dong)債(zhai)(zhai)券(quan)(quan)市(shi)場(chang)擴(kuo)容，債(zhai)(zhai)券(quan)(quan)市(shi)場(chang)規(gui)模約170萬億元，居(ju)世界第(di)二，對科技創新、綠色發展等領域支持加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)。外匯(hui)、期(qi)(qi)貨(huo)、黃金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)等市(shi)場(chang)運行(xing)(xing)總體平(ping)穩(wen)(wen)。三(san)是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)度不斷完善。消費(fei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)公(gong)司管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)辦法(fa)(fa)、非(fei)(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)支付機(ji)構(gou)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)條例出臺(tai)。上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司股東減(jian)持、債(zhai)(zhai)券(quan)(quan)市(shi)場(chang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、外匯(hui)市(shi)場(chang)跨境交(jiao)易真實(shi)性管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)等制(zhi)度加(jia)快完善。央地監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)協(xie)同(tong)機(ji)制(zhi)以(yi)及防范和(he)打(da)擊非(fei)(fei)法(fa)(fa)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)活動(dong)工(gong)作機(ji)制(zhi)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)健全。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)消費(fei)者(zhe)保護服務平(ping)臺(tai)和(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)產品查(cha)(cha)詢平(ping)臺(tai)建設穩(wen)(wen)步(bu)推進(jin)(jin)。四是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)執法(fa)(fa)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)。2023年10月以(yi)來，中國(guo)(guo)人民(min)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)處(chu)(chu)罰(fa)被監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)構(gou)384家次；金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)總局(ju)處(chu)(chu)罰(fa)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)保險機(ji)構(gou)4544家次；中國(guo)(guo)證監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)會處(chu)(chu)罰(fa)責任主體1311人（家）次；國(guo)(guo)家外匯(hui)局(ju)查(cha)(cha)處(chu)(chu)外匯(hui)違法(fa)(fa)違規(gui)案(an)件1178起。五(wu)是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)法(fa)(fa)治建設加(jia)快推進(jin)(jin)。積(ji)極推動(dong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)法(fa)(fa)起草工(gong)作，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)法(fa)(fa)、反洗錢法(fa)(fa)經全國(guo)(guo)人大常(chang)委會會議第(di)二次審議。中國(guo)(guo)人民(min)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)、商(shang)業(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)、保險法(fa)(fa)、信托(tuo)法(fa)(fa)、國(guo)(guo)有(you)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資本管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)條例等制(zhi)定(ding)修訂加(jia)快推進(jin)(jin)。

（三）金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)支(zhi)持實(shi)體經濟情況。一是保(bao)持融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)總(zong)量合(he)理(li)充裕。2023年10月以來(lai)，人(ren)民(min)幣貸款(kuan)新(xin)增(zeng)19.02萬億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，社會融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)規模新(xin)增(zeng)31.9萬億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)；滬深北交易(yi)所(suo)共有118家企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)(shang)市，融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)808億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)；企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和政府債(zhai)(zhai)券新(xin)增(zeng)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)12.4萬億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)。二(er)是提升對(dui)重(zhong)點領域和薄弱環節的金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)質效。健全(quan)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)“五(wu)篇(pian)大(da)(da)文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)(zhang)”政策(ce)體系(xi)，中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)民(min)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)制定做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)“五(wu)篇(pian)大(da)(da)文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)(zhang)”總(zong)體方(fang)(fang)案，金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)監管(guan)總(zong)局印(yin)發(fa)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)險業(ye)(ye)(ye)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)“五(wu)篇(pian)大(da)(da)文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)(zhang)”指導意見。科技(ji)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)方(fang)(fang)面，出臺(tai)扎實(shi)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)科技(ji)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)大(da)(da)文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)(zhang)工(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)(fang)案、加(jia)強科技(ji)型(xing)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)全(quan)生命周期(qi)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)舉措，發(fa)布資(zi)本(ben)市場服務(wu)(wu)(wu)科技(ji)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)16項措施。2023年10月以來(lai)，新(xin)上(shang)(shang)市企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)戰略新(xin)興(xing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)占比92%，科技(ji)創新(xin)公司債(zhai)(zhai)券發(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)5650億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，科創票(piao)據發(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)5258億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)。綠色(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)方(fang)(fang)面，出臺(tai)強化(hua)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)支(zhi)持綠色(se)(se)低碳發(fa)展、美麗中(zhong)國(guo)建設(she)相關政策(ce)文(wen)(wen)件，延續實(shi)施碳減排(pai)支(zhi)持工(gong)具(ju)。2023年10月以來(lai)累計發(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)綠色(se)(se)債(zhai)(zhai)券6254億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)。普惠金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)方(fang)(fang)面，落(luo)實(shi)落(luo)細金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)支(zhi)持民(min)營經濟舉措。對(dui)普惠小微貸款(kuan)認定標準放寬到單(dan)戶授信2000萬元(yuan)。建立支(zhi)持小微企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)協(xie)調工(gong)作(zuo)機制。統籌融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)信用服務(wu)(wu)(wu)平臺(tai)建設(she)，深入(ru)推進(jin)(jin)“信易(yi)貸”工(gong)作(zuo)。完善(shan)普惠信貸盡職免責等(deng)(deng)制度。養(yang)老金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)方(fang)(fang)面，有序推進(jin)(jin)特定養(yang)老儲蓄、養(yang)老理(li)財、商業(ye)(ye)(ye)養(yang)老金(jin)(jin)等(deng)(deng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)試點發(fa)展。延長(chang)普惠養(yang)老專項再貸款(kuan)政策(ce)實(shi)施期(qi)限。加(jia)大(da)(da)公募基金(jin)(jin)養(yang)老產(chan)品(pin)供給。數字金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)方(fang)(fang)面，加(jia)快推動金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構數字化(hua)、智能化(hua)轉型(xing)。穩妥推進(jin)(jin)數字人(ren)民(min)幣研發(fa)和應用。

（四）金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)改(gai)革(ge)和(he)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)開放(fang)情況。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)管理(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)穩步推(tui)進。中央金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)管理(li)部門職責劃轉(zhuan)、“三定”制(zhi)(zhi)定、編制(zhi)(zhi)調整、內設機(ji)(ji)構(gou)優化(hua)(hua)、省市分支(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)掛(gua)牌、縣域機(ji)(ji)構(gou)人員轉(zhuan)隸等順利完成。二是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)改(gai)革(ge)進一(yi)步深化(hua)(hua)。11省（自治區）農村(cun)信用社改(gai)革(ge)方案獲批(pi)。出(chu)臺關(guan)于加強(qiang)監管防(fang)范風(feng)險(xian)(xian)推(tui)動保險(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)若干(gan)意(yi)見(jian)。三是(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)層次金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)加快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。出(chu)臺關(guan)于加強(qiang)監管防(fang)范風(feng)險(xian)(xian)推(tui)動資(zi)本市場(chang)(chang)(chang)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)若干(gan)意(yi)見(jian)，配套推(tui)出(chu)50多(duo)(duo)項政策文件和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)度規則。推(tui)進區域性股權市場(chang)(chang)(chang)“專(zhuan)精(jing)特新(xin)”專(zhuan)板建設。北(bei)京證券(quan)交易所(suo)債(zhai)券(quan)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)平穩開市。完善債(zhai)券(quan)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)承銷、做市、估(gu)值等制(zhi)(zhi)度。出(chu)臺關(guan)于加強(qiang)監管防(fang)范風(feng)險(xian)(xian)促進期貨市場(chang)(chang)(chang)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)意(yi)見(jian)。四是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)高(gao)水平對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)開放(fang)有序擴大(da)。優化(hua)(hua)“債(zhai)券(quan)通(tong)”、“互換通(tong)”直(zhi)接入(ru)市運行(xing)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，境外(wai)(wai)投資(zi)者持(chi)有我國(guo)債(zhai)券(quan)超過4萬(wan)億元(yuan)人民幣(bi)(bi)。依(yi)法(fa)批(pi)準外(wai)(wai)資(zi)在華設立(li)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、經營金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)務。外(wai)(wai)籍來(lai)華人員支(zhi)(zhi)付便利化(hua)(hua)工作(zuo)取得明顯成效，截至2024年9月(yue)末，全國(guo)重點商戶外(wai)(wai)卡受理(li)覆蓋率達(da)99%；9月(yue)，超250萬(wan)入(ru)境人員使(shi)用“外(wai)(wai)卡內綁”、“外(wai)(wai)包內用”業(ye)(ye)務，交易筆數、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)額(e)分別較2月(yue)增長145%、165%。人民幣(bi)(bi)國(guo)際(ji)化(hua)(hua)穩步推(tui)進，2024年1—8月(yue)貨物貿易人民幣(bi)(bi)收付占跨境收付總(zong)額(e)26.5%。推(tui)出(chu)“三聯通(tong)、三便利”金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)舉措，發(fa)(fa)布5項資(zi)本市場(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)(dui)港合作(zuo)措施，鞏固提升香港國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)中心(xin)地位(wei)。做好(hao)中美、中歐金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工作(zuo)組工作(zuo)。支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)國(guo)際(ji)貨幣(bi)(bi)基金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)組織在華設立(li)上海區域中心(xin)。

（五(wu)）防(fang)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)解金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)隱患情況(kuang)。一是金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)府融(rong)(rong)資平(ping)臺(tai)債務風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)解取(qu)得積(ji)極(ji)成效。搭建(jian)(jian)(jian)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)融(rong)(rong)資平(ping)臺(tai)債務風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)解政(zheng)(zheng)策框架并持(chi)(chi)續(xu)優化(hua)(hua)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)專項工作機(ji)制(zhi)和(he)常(chang)態化(hua)(hua)統計監測、數據查詢系統，明(ming)確融(rong)(rong)資平(ping)臺(tai)退出(chu)政(zheng)(zheng)策安排，壓降融(rong)(rong)資平(ping)臺(tai)債務規模和(he)平(ping)臺(tai)數量，防(fang)“爆雷”成效顯現。二是支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)房(fang)地(di)產市場(chang)平(ping)穩(wen)(wen)健(jian)康發展(zhan)。下調(diao)并統一全(quan)(quan)國層面個人住房(fang)貸(dai)(dai)款(kuan)最低首(shou)付比例，取(qu)消全(quan)(quan)國層面個人住房(fang)貸(dai)(dai)款(kuan)利率政(zheng)(zheng)策下限，下調(diao)住房(fang)公積(ji)金(jin)(jin)貸(dai)(dai)款(kuan)利率。推進城市房(fang)地(di)產融(rong)(rong)資協調(diao)機(ji)制(zhi)落地(di)見效。新增5000億元抵押(ya)補(bu)充(chong)貸(dai)(dai)款(kuan)額度支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)保障性住房(fang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、城中(zhong)(zhong)村(cun)改造、“平(ping)急兩用”公共(gong)基礎設(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)住房(fang)租賃金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)政(zheng)(zheng)策體(ti)系。三(san)是穩(wen)(wen)妥(tuo)化(hua)(hua)解重點中(zhong)(zhong)小金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。將中(zhong)(zhong)小金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)化(hua)(hua)險(xian)(xian)(xian)納入各(ge)省（自治(zhi)區、直轄市）防(fang)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)解地(di)方(fang)債務風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)一攬子方(fang)案，高風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)小銀行處置(zhi)取(qu)得積(ji)極(ji)進展(zhan)。四是防(fang)范(fan)和(he)打擊非(fei)(fei)法金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)活動。出(chu)臺(tai)防(fang)范(fan)和(he)打擊非(fei)(fei)法金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)活動工作意見。開展(zhan)打擊非(fei)(fei)法集資專項行動。清理“偽金(jin)(jin)交所”活動。五(wu)是有效應對外部風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)沖擊。堅決維護香港國際金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)中(zhong)(zhong)心繁榮安全(quan)(quan)。健(jian)全(quan)(quan)自主(zhu)可控(kong)跨境支(zhi)(zhi)付體(ti)系，維護我(wo)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)和(he)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市場(chang)體(ti)系安全(quan)(quan)穩(wen)(wen)定。六是完(wan)善金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)防(fang)范(fan)、預警和(he)處置(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)。健(jian)全(quan)(quan)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)穩(wen)(wen)定制(zhi)度，存款(kuan)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)制(zhi)可為99%以上的存款(kuan)人提供全(quan)(quan)額保障。

（六）堅持(chi)黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)對金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)作(zuo)的集中(zhong)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)領導(dao)(dao)。在中(zhong)央(yang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)委(wei)和中(zhong)央(yang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)委(wei)統(tong)(tong)籌指導(dao)(dao)下，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)系統(tong)(tong)堅持(chi)把學習貫徹習近(jin)平總書記關(guan)于金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)作(zuo)的重要(yao)論述作(zuo)為首(shou)要(yao)政治(zhi)任務，嚴格落(luo)(luo)實“第一(yi)議題(ti)(ti)”制度(du)，認真執行請示報(bao)告(gao)制度(du)。充(chong)分發揮黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)集中(zhong)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)領導(dao)(dao)的政治(zhi)優勢和制度(du)優勢，主動加(jia)強金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)部(bu)門(men)(men)之間(jian)(jian)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)部(bu)門(men)(men)與非金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)部(bu)門(men)(men)之間(jian)(jian)的工(gong)作(zuo)合(he)力(li)，強化金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)政策取向(xiang)一(yi)致性評估，健全(quan)中(zhong)央(yang)和地方(fang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)作(zuo)協調(diao)機制。全(quan)力(li)配合(he)二十(shi)(shi)屆中(zhong)央(yang)巡視(shi)，堅決落(luo)(luo)實巡視(shi)反(fan)饋問題(ti)(ti)整改(gai)(gai)，貫通推進(jin)十(shi)(shi)九屆中(zhong)央(yang)巡視(shi)等發現問題(ti)(ti)整改(gai)(gai)。推進(jin)黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)學習教育(yu)常態化長效化。緊(jin)盯重點領域、重點對象和新型隱性腐(fu)敗，持(chi)續加(jia)大(da)懲(cheng)戒(jie)力(li)度(du)。堅決治(zhi)理違反(fan)中(zhong)央(yang)八(ba)項規定精神典(dian)型問題(ti)(ti)。

二、下一步工作考慮

（一）加大貨(huo)(huo)幣政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)逆周期調節力度(du)(du)，為(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)穩(wen)定增長(chang)和(he)高質量發展營造(zao)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)幣金融環境。堅(jian)持(chi)支(zhi)持(chi)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)幣政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)立場，加大貨(huo)(huo)幣政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)調控的(de)(de)強度(du)(du)，提高貨(huo)(huo)幣政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)調控的(de)(de)精準性(xing)(xing)，有效(xiao)(xiao)落(luo)實存量政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，加力推動增量政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)落(luo)地見效(xiao)(xiao)。保持(chi)流動性(xing)(xing)合理充裕(yu)，降低企業(ye)和(he)居(ju)民融資成本(ben)(ben)。繼(ji)續實施好(hao)(hao)結構性(xing)(xing)貨(huo)(huo)幣政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)工具，強化對重大戰略、重點領域(yu)和(he)薄(bo)弱環節的(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)力度(du)(du)。增強宏觀政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)一致性(xing)(xing)，貨(huo)(huo)幣、金融政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)與財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、產業(ye)、就業(ye)等政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)形(xing)成合力。堅(jian)決防(fang)范(fan)匯(hui)率超(chao)調風(feng)險，保持(chi)人(ren)民幣匯(hui)率在合理均衡水平上的(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)穩(wen)定。

（二）全面加強金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監管，切實(shi)提高監管有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)。嚴格實(shi)施金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構市場準入和非(fei)現場監管。抓好發行上(shang)市、再融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)審核全鏈條監管，壓實(shi)中(zhong)介機(ji)構“看門(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”責任。加強中(zhong)央和地方金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監管協(xie)作，嚴厲打(da)擊(ji)違法(fa)(fa)違規(gui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)活動，依法(fa)(fa)實(shi)施機(ji)構和人(ren)(ren)(ren)員“雙罰(fa)”。強化金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)消費者(zhe)和投(tou)資(zi)者(zhe)權益保護(hu)。做(zuo)好金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)法(fa)(fa)起(qi)草工作，配(pei)合全國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)大(da)常委會推(tui)(tui)進金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)穩定(ding)法(fa)(fa)、反洗錢法(fa)(fa)后續審議(yi)工作。推(tui)(tui)動加快制定(ding)修(xiu)訂中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民銀(yin)行法(fa)(fa)、商(shang)業銀(yin)行法(fa)(fa)、證券投(tou)資(zi)基(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)法(fa)(fa)、國(guo)有(you)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)本管理條例等(deng)法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)。

（三）持(chi)續(xu)提升金(jin)融(rong)服務(wu)質效，加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)持(chi)經(jing)濟高質量發展(zhan)的力度(du)。以做好金(jin)融(rong)“五篇大(da)(da)文章”為著(zhu)力點，激勵引(yin)導金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構優化信貸結構。加(jia)(jia)強對新(xin)質生產(chan)力的金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)持(chi)，完(wan)善(shan)創業投(tou)資“募資、投(tou)資、管理、退出”機(ji)制。壯大(da)(da)耐心資本，引(yin)導金(jin)融(rong)資本投(tou)早、投(tou)小、投(tou)長期(qi)、投(tou)硬科技(ji)，滿足科技(ji)型企業不(bu)同(tong)生命周期(qi)階段的融(rong)資需求。大(da)(da)力發展(zhan)科技(ji)創新(xin)債(zhai)券和綠色(se)債(zhai)券。落(luo)實好授(shou)信盡(jin)職免(mian)責等制度(du)。持(chi)續(xu)推進政府性(xing)融(rong)資擔保(bao)體系建設。

（四(si)）不(bu)斷深化(hua)金(jin)融(rong)改(gai)革開放，加(jia)快構(gou)建中(zhong)(zhong)國特(te)色(se)現代金(jin)融(rong)體(ti)系。完善(shan)貨(huo)幣政策的(de)執行機制(zhi)(zhi)、目標體(ti)系、基(ji)礎貨(huo)幣投(tou)放機制(zhi)(zhi)，健(jian)全市(shi)場化(hua)利率(lv)形(xing)成(cheng)和(he)傳導機制(zhi)(zhi)。支(zhi)持(chi)大型商業(ye)銀行補(bu)充資本(ben)。深化(hua)農村信用(yong)社改(gai)革。促進股票市(shi)場投(tou)資和(he)融(rong)資功能相協調，拓(tuo)寬境(jing)(jing)外(wai)投(tou)資者投(tou)資境(jing)(jing)內資本(ben)市(shi)場渠道。發(fa)展多(duo)層(ceng)次(ci)債券市(shi)場，加(jia)強金(jin)融(rong)市(shi)場基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)建設(she)和(he)統籌監管。穩慎扎(zha)實推進人民幣國際化(hua)。持(chi)續做好重點群體(ti)支(zhi)付服(fu)務(wu)。健(jian)全自主可控(kong)的(de)跨境(jing)(jing)支(zhi)付體(ti)系。推進香(xiang)港、上海(hai)國際金(jin)融(rong)中(zhong)(zhong)心建設(she)。

（五）積極穩(wen)妥防范化(hua)解(jie)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風(feng)險(xian)，全(quan)力維護金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)系整(zheng)體(ti)穩(wen)定。強化(hua)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監管作為防范金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風(feng)險(xian)“第一道防線”的(de)作用(yong)，健全(quan)具有(you)(you)硬約束的(de)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風(feng)險(xian)早期糾正(zheng)機制。繼續穩(wen)妥化(hua)解(jie)地方政府融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)平臺金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)債務風(feng)險(xian)，推動融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)平臺數量壓降和市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)。加大“白(bai)名單”項目貸款投放力度(du)，支持盤活存量閑(xian)置(zhi)土地。完善應對股(gu)票市(shi)(shi)場(chang)異常波動等政策工(gong)具，維護金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)平穩(wen)健康運(yun)行(xing)。筑牢有(you)(you)效防控系統(tong)性風(feng)險(xian)的(de)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)穩(wen)定保(bao)障體(ti)系，落實防范化(hua)解(jie)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風(feng)險(xian)問責(ze)制度(du)。

下一步，我們將(jiang)更加緊密團結在以(yi)習(xi)近平同志為核心的(de)黨中(zhong)(zhong)央周(zhou)圍，堅(jian)定擁護“兩個(ge)(ge)確立”，堅(jian)決(jue)做到(dao)“兩個(ge)(ge)維護”，堅(jian)持黨中(zhong)(zhong)央對金(jin)融(rong)工作的(de)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)統一領導，按(an)照黨中(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)決(jue)策部署(shu)，認真落實全(quan)國(guo)(guo)人大常委會審議意(yi)見，堅(jian)持金(jin)融(rong)服(fu)務實體經(jing)濟的(de)根本宗旨，全(quan)面加強金(jin)融(rong)監(jian)管，牢(lao)牢(lao)守住(zhu)不發生系統性(xing)金(jin)融(rong)風(feng)險的(de)底線，加快建設金(jin)融(rong)強國(guo)(guo)，以(yi)金(jin)融(rong)高質量(liang)發展服(fu)務中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式現代化。